ADIVASIKARAN

Tribalisation & Aboriginalisation



There are various approaches and methods being used by the non Adivasis in India for the Tribal Development, prominent among whom are isolation, assimilation and integration proposed from the time of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and besides few others present day in modern India. All these methods are playing down the total and ideal tribal or indigenous peoples development in the country as you see today, where participation, transparency, accountability, right to information, felt needs, in other words roles of indigenous populations of India(SC, ST & Adivasis) are either denied or absent, leading Adivasis towards more backwardness, degradation, alienation, dalitisation, ultimately a breach of their total human rights in terms of culture, religion, languages, self-rule, participation, equality, justice, indigenous laws, indigenous knowledge, many others and then a possible biological extinction which appears imminent in near future. The non tribal’s are developing and controlling, further accumulation and manipulation of indigenous peoples over all resources in terms of almost everything. Hence the tribal’s are becoming Dalits and over all totally impoverished even in the working areas of reputed NGOs where funding agencies in India and abroad loosing their 90% of their funds spent in the names of SC, ST & OBC, because non tribal’s are depriving them almost of away everything, which was never before. Today as it is apparent, non tribal’s are becoming more powerful and resourceful even in the tribal matters which was never before even in the working of NGO and the tribal’s and tribal’s are becoming holistically poorer and poorer which was not there earlier. In the best method proposed for tribal development that is Integration, basically something wrong. Because unless all in the country of India establish the relationship of Roti (bread7food) and Beti (daughter) from bilateral or both sides this method is a bogus or fake one. Total sansritisation or Brahanisation is imposed one sidedly on these 80% populations of the country.

A total way of social and cultural life, language and literature, folklore and other practices of a small minority, in the name of national integration is being imposed of a small minority. A huge breach of human rights for these 80% folks of the country, in India, uncaring, denying, the social and cultural ways of Adivasis, Dalits and OBC communities in India who are original Adivasis of India or the indigenous peoples. Hence to reverse this process of impoverisation of 80% peoples of the country, and bring in the empowerment in the field of social development we are introducing the method of Adivasikaran for the Adivasis as Professor Sachidananda said in one of the anthropological conference that this is the best method of tribal development in India besides many other scholars are appreciating and accepting this idea. If in this crucial juncture of time the SC, ST & OBC peoples of India do not envisage their own future destiny , they all 80% of them shall be not in less than 30 years or even in less period of time shall be socially, biologically, culturally, geographically will be totally impoverished and vanished. It appropriate time to reflect on what the Constitution maker of India Baba Saheb Ambedkar has said in the context of Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes(ST) and today also in terms of Other Backward Communities(OBC) let us preserve our roots, promote ourselves, innovate and integrate in the national mainstream of India as respectful citizens of the country maintaining our identities for the sheer protections of Total Human Rights or else we shall be vanished as you see the processes are taking place in the clandestine way in the country.

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THE BHILI GRAMMARS

The Bhili language is the great oral and ancient language of over 70 million Bhil speakers of the Bhilanchal spread over this vast Bhil region of Western India. These different Bhil folks or the peoples of Bhilanchal densely inhabit in the adjoining region of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra. Their negligible population is even found in various other parts of the country including in North East and Pakistan. Today due to the facilities provided by the Constitution of India, in the form of reservations in educational institutions, jobs, political representation, migration and education, they are loosely also found not only all over India, also in some parts of the world in the countries like England, Canada, USA, Germany, Japan, Portugal, etc looking towards very much for the cultural and social identification in the context of their origin. As such the Bhils all over India will be over 150 millions. Today one should excavate a Bhil territory for their human survival, for the due promotion, protection and innovation of their largely denied cultural, linguistic, human and other rights. Hence it is good to envisage a Bhil territory like Bhilanchal or Bhil Desh within the 5th and 6th Schedule of the Great Indian Constitution, establish language links with each Bhil group especially in densely populated Bhil regions and other areas throughout the country. Doing this for the Bhils shall be a great and noble job by the genuine NGOs.

In this context of the present day, it is good to search, research and restore the great Bhil linguistic, social and over all their rich cultural heritage, which is vastly under damage and distortions’ by non tribals, due to large ignorance and also denial of recognition for Bhil cultural heritage, which was and is the prideful historical wealth of their antique Bhil society in whose language, values, oral literatures and folklore the Bhils found securities, consolation, rejuvenation in all through their suppressed and oppressed centuries from the time of Eklavya, in the great upheaval their social and cultural history, in which context not much is being done even the best of NGOs working in the Bhilanchal.

To start with the first Bhili Grammar was prepared by a Dutch missionary called Leo Jungblut SVD in early thirties of the last century and published in Mission Press, at Mhow, Indore (MP) India in 1937. It had less than 100 pages but the small volume served well the purpose for the linguists, administrators, scholars, missionaries, admirers of Bhili as a language, colleges, universities, research institutes, individuals, etc. The author Leo Jungblut SVD who lived and worked among the antique Bhils of Jhabua (MP) India, Rambapor, studied meticulously like a professionally trained linguist, even the nuances of Bhili phones and morphemes’ together with their syntax. Much more than this he brought out the beauty of Bhil culture, language, literature and their living Bhil folklore. The Bhili Grammar prepared by the author Leo Jungblut SVD served it purpose till his death, while he was revising the manuscript with M. Bhuriya. Now the same Bhili Grammar due its demand in the scientific, administrative and popular fields will have its second enlarged and revised edition by Mahipal Bhuriya. Later Dr. Nemichand Jain a scholar, Hindi Pandit, writer, Hindi critic and linguist brought out a sort of two volumes of Bhili Grammars, with similar nature but for different and vaste felt need among the members of the tribe and also in the mainstream society. Then in early eighties, later Deveprasad Ganava a Bhil from the same region of Jhabua, inspired by the beauty of the Bhili language and Bhil culture, published from Meghnagar, an important volume of Bhili grammar, called BHILI Vyakaran (Bhili Grammar).

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SUBLIME VALUES OF ADIVASI INDIA

The prehistoric or the ancient India was the land of Adivasis or indigenous peoples of Indian sub-continent, who in the course of time till today were invaded, won over, enslaved greatly sansrkitised. The sublime values those are in India, are largely found in the rural, Adivasi or among the indigenous peoples of India, where these indigenous populations of the country are still retaining these values and exhibiting through their social, cultural and various aspects of their folklore in-spite of hardships which are to great extent man made such as modern day oppressions and exploitations. Even though they are struggling for their survival, and yet they portray these innate and God given sublime values in their day today life. If corruption is found in their social habitats, it has come from outside of their geographical spaces or territories.

Which are these innate and sublime values which make them ideal citizens, living saints and sages in India are the following:
1. Love for God
2. Mellanerium
3. Hope for survival
4. Social solidarity
5. Simplicity
6. Sense of Social justice
7. Honesty
8. Loyalty
9. Love of neighbours
10. Hospitality
11. Social equality
12. Love of Nature
13. Equality of both sex
14. Empowerment of women
15. Water conservation and irrigation
16. Cleanliness
17. Devotion to their indigenous deities
18. Simple living and high thinking
19. Tribal Unity, 20. Perseverence
21. Genuiness
22. Largeheartedness
23. Freedom
24. Oral Tradition
25. Love for singing, dance and Music
26. Tribal aesthetics
27. Consistent
28. Hard Working
29. Loving & caring
30. Social sympathy
31. Self-employed
32. Self-sustaining
33. Love for oral literature
34. Respect for physical and social environment
35. Respect for women
36. Clan & village unity
37. Serviceable
38. Love for independence
39. Ideal Panchayati raj or local self-rule
40. No alienation or encroachment in other land or territory.

Against this social, cultural and historical background one can view that if at all there is corruption it has come to them through outsiders in their regions, as the media people have time and again pointed explicitly, including the social and cultural anthropologists. Governments in all honesty should preserve and promote these social and cultural values of Adivasi India through formal and informal education, mass media, etc, instead of bringing in corrupt systems in the name of administration, maintenance of law and justice, national integration, etc

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THE INCREDIBLE VALUES OF ADIVASI INDIA

Some time back, Dr. Stephen Fuchs SVD a a great and pioneering cultural anthroplogist of India persuaded me to me study and affirmatively write about the tribal heritage or Ancient heritage of Adivasi India specifically about their innate values which are unique in the country.. He further mentioned that the rich heritage of Adivsi India in the form of their persisting social and cultural values from remote past should by no means be lost in the process of modernisation. Some of these values coming down from the centuries are so unique that they are impossible to be found in the mainstream of the Indian society. Due to this significant and unique aspects of this antiquarian tradition, these values at this juncture of modernisation, be preserved, promoted and innovated. In those day, like any other tribal or the indigenous Indian youth of today, I had inferiority complex and lack of will, to positively acknowledge the cultural heritage of ADIVASI INDIA and bit of aversion towards this particular tribal heritiage of India to uphold as vauable cultural tradition in the country against the powerful process of sanskritisation which is sweeping away the good old traditions of indigenous peoples and replacing only with the Bramenic ones Even though in the heart of heart I had desire to resist the devastating process which ruined my Adivasi cultures but no ecourage to say boldly anything in this connection. Today when after three decades of my obervation and studies of tribal cultures of India and aquiring many of the elements of Brahmenic cultures , and loosing over these decades many uniquely valuable elements of tribal cultures , I regrette much in doing so. I feel that the Adivasi heritiage of this sort is not aquired by human efforts, but endowed on these simple and innocent folks of the country by God, the Creater himself to the Adivasis of India, who are genuine saints and sages, andata (giver of India as Adivasi heritage of India possess today, even the main stream society inspite of their best efforts possibly may not achieve them. Each Adivasi group of India is the living embodiment of innate, uncorrupt and unsullied values which others have either not noticed or ignored, on the contrary try to imposed the corrupted values through social encounters, weekly markets, public administration, maintenance of law and order and so on spoiled the tribal cultures of India. The Indian print and electronic media has certainly pointed out this fact positvely and a times very explicitely.

Which are these innate Adivasi values of India,....? Let us take time, look around in the remote parts of the country, positively, with no feelings of caste prejudices and superiority complex and then one will see the image of divine light always buring, unixtingvishable, in the present days of colossal exploitation, edprivation, suppression and alienation, poverty, miseries by all walks of peoples including reputed NGOs. Others have taken away from them, in great measures, but given, today their life, ligacy and silent history is speaking.

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TANTYA MAMA A MUCH REVERED TRIBAL HERO OF THE BHILS

Tantya Mama, Tantia Bhil or Tantya as he is called in the Oral Tradition of the Bhils, is a great unknown saint of the Bhils or the ancient indigenous peoples of India Tantia Bhil was a selfless leader, Indigenous hero and dauntles freedom fighter of the national rank who fought against the British Powers, in his own way organising the local armies of the Bhils, This great hero today who deserves to be nationally honoured by placing this honourable leader's life size portrait, in the Central Hall of the Indian National Parliament. Tantia hails from the illiterate Bhil society of Nimar. Some centuries back the whole region of Malwa, Nimar, Khandesh, Nagar, Gujarat was densely populated by great Bhils who had encounters with Marathas, Britishe peoples and others They were local powers, hence proved to be imminent threatsor threats to the emerging powers as in many walks being seen even today and hence as a consequence in the past centuries, suffered suppressions alll through in the history. A fact visible even today in the different Bhil regions even in the working of the NGOS But Tanya Bhil and his patriotic Bhil companions, over looking over looking his own resources and the histoical enemity with the rest of the castes and folks in the nation, saw the foreign enemy as a threat to the country and battled fearlessly all through his shorlt lived life. Even though he was illiterate but whad great vision and daring.

Madhya Pradesh Government has rightly recognised his worth and brought out much literature both on audio-video and in print as well. Many schoars have paid attention to this forgotten but significant personality of the indigenous people in the nationa, as a national hero. Today a lots of literature is availabe on Tantia Bhil in Hindi, English, Marathi and Gujarati including in the oral tradition of the Bhils. And much more is in preparation. A good feature film in Hini, English, Marathi, and Gujarati awaits to inspire and awaken, affirm and encourage, also associate with the patriotic values found in the indignous populations of India for the youth of today Tantia Bhil needs to be introduced as a National and indigenous hero in the school and college text books. His spirituality to be introduced to the nation which exceeds even many of the political leaders and even christian missionaries of today in tribal region espcially in the Bhil regions. What has been done for Tantya Mama or Tantya Bhil today is only a drop in the ocean and not enough for honouring Tantya the Great Bhil and recognising indigenous peoples of India namely SC, ST & OBC and in particular context the Bhils. Important roads, building, markets, valleys, schools, colleges, research institutes, games awards, tribal olympics, copetitions, must be named instituted and initiated in justice and equality to perpetuate the rightful memory of Tanya Bhil including his his self sacrificing cmpanions. He was the father of the indigenous peoples as a whole. And much more remains to be done locally for Tantia Bhil and other Bhil or Indigenous heroes from Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.This fact also equally applies to the other tribal or the indignous peoples heroes in India who are unjustly ignored by the other peoples in the indigneous peoples area. A great injustice is being done this way to the lacking social, cultural and psychological affirmation. Only this way we can restore the dignity to the indignous peoples and harm done tothem in the past. This will pave way to restore partially the cultural and historical rights of the Bhils, SC, ST & OBC. Also this will be perfect model of the national integration of the indignenous communities in India. Will the present national political parties give hid to the human, social and cultural rights of the indignous peoples of India in this way......?

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A GREAT PROMOTER OF BHILI AND BHIL CULTURE

DR. NEMICHAND JAIN : A GREAT PROMOTER OF BHILI AND BHIL CULTURE

It was in early sixties of the last century, when people in Bhilanchal or Bhil Desh disliked the Bhils, Bhili, Bhil culture and the rest a man called Nemichand Jain from Badnagar a small town in the region of Malwa,(Madhya Pradesh),a Bania(merchant) by profession took up an upheal task of of studying systematically on his own the language, literture and culture of a great and hsitorical tribe called the Bhils from whom the Rajputs inherited many of their chiefdoms, states and places,in perilous social conditions of Western Madhya Pradesh. No one valued the initiatives and contributions later Dr. Nemichand Jain would make to the study of lesser known tribal cultures of the largest ancient and Indian tribe of Asia. In those days the Bhils were looked down and called or nicknamed as 'Mama, Bhilda, langotiya, Jungli.......etc in a very derogatory manner. The names still resound with hatredness in the minds and hearts of the senior Bhils of today in Malwa the Western parts of Madhya Pradesh. Of course, there are few more scholars whose names should be recalled such as Rev. Thomson, Russel & Hiralal, Leo Jungblut, T.B. Naik,S. fuchs, W. Koppers, Y.V.S.Nath, G.S.Aurora, Iravati Karve, S.D. Kulkarni, S.L.Doshi, J.K.Doshi, etc. But among all these scholars the contributions made by Dr. Nemichand Jain is a unique and memorable one.

But, this man, called Dr Nemichand Jain, engaged sustematically with a missionary zeal, to study the language, literature, festivals, folklore, customs, proverbs, riddles, vocabulary, hermeneutics, popular and particular usages, history, origin, social encounters, suppressions, exploitation, education, values, world views of a great tribe like that of Gonds, Santhals, Munda and the rest in Indian subcontinent. He saw in the wholistic culture of the Bhils a God given gifts and values, persisting from over two milleniums, inspite of suppressions and oppressions because it was very significant.

As the result of his painstaking research in Bhil region, Dr. Nemichand Jain published many research papers and articles in Nai Dunya, Navbharat, Indore Samachar, Tirthankar, Veena, Rituchakra and broadcast many talks(vartas) from All India Radio(Akashvani), at Indore and Bhopal.
Among the books he contributed through a publication instituted in the loving memory of his loving mother and father called Hira-Bhaiya at Patrakar Colony at Indore, he published several volumes, authored by him and his disciples. They are:
1. BHIL : Bhasha; Sahitya aur Sanskriti
2. Bhili-Hindi Kosh
3. BHILI Ka Bhasha Shastriya Adhyayan(For this he was awarded Ph.D and later D. Lit.)

Besides these significant and rare publications he promoted many scholars and writers who had real interst for the love of the oppressed, exploited and great ethnic society like that of the Bhils for which Dr. Nemichand Jain's father, Hiralal Jain had left behind the funds for instituting this publication. Some more works of Dr. Nemichand Jain remains to be published.

Not many people and scholars appreciated the contribution and the rare venture that Dr. Nemichand Jain made. But today his writings are very much valued and appreciated by students, scholars, Government officials and research scholars both from India and abroad. The Bhil society shall remain alway indebted to this great and pioneering scholar who laid down a strong and unshakaeable foundation for the study of Bhil language, literature and culture on which Bhil society and Bhilanchan can stand with great pride.

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THE BHIL HEROES

A great pre-historian, Hindi scholar, linguist and over all Bhil scholar Dr. Nemichand Jain mentions in his two famous books ' Bhili ka Bhasha Sahitya-Adhyayana' and 'BHILI.: Bhasha Sahitya aur Sankriti' about one of the versions of Ramayana in Gujarati called Bhilodi Ramayana. It is composed accoriding to the oral tadition of the Bhils and of the region that it was composed by one of the great Bhil heroes, called Valmiki. Valmiki from the region of Nishad Desh clearly appears to have been a Bhil poet ,not only a rogue but also a scholar who later in his conversion days, composed Valmiki Ramayana. Similarly Eklavya who was more expert that the Pandwas especially Arjuna,,in the military skill of archery in those days, to defeat and dampen him the great Guru Dronacharya in his great wisdomasked for the thumb of right hand in return of his gurudakshina (tuition fee) and ever since the Bhils do not use the thumb of the right hand for the archery. Eklavya was a local prince and a Bhil hero. In Ramayana and Mahabharata and Puranas we find many Nishad or the Bhil heroes.Tulsi Das in his Ramcharitra Manas says that the Nishad king Guha went to welcome Rama with his council of ministers near present Shrungverpur when God Rama was approaching towards forest for vanvas and Shabari was 'parangat' (expert/specialised) in shastras (sacred books). Rana Punja Bhil the right hand of Maharana Pratap, the great hero of the Rajputana when deserted totally by his fellow Rajputs was attended and supported by the Rana Punja Bhil in the great war against the Mugals in Haldighat not only during the war but later in his las days as a defeated and deserted hero by the great patriotic Bhils. When the army of Akbar attacked Agra a Bhil chief of the opposite army faced the Mogul army. And today we are fmiliar with the Great patriot and Tribal hero of India Sant Tantia Bhil. Such national heroes of the Great Bhil tribe are over a hundred in the written and the oral tradition of the Bhils of Charans, Dholis(Bhil Bards), Ravalyas(Bhil Historians) and vartaryas(story tellers). A famous tribal historian of Rajasthan, Hariram Meena has been doing a valueable research along this line. The two tribal journals 'Aravali Udghosh'and 'Mangargh Sandesh' are aslo making significant contribution in this field.

In the oral tradition of the Bhils and in the life of the Bhils heroes the innate and uncorrupt values of the Bhils is exhibited in a sacredway, against the corrupted values which are percolating in tribal areas today in the social, cultural and political encounters with other castes, The Central Government and state governments of India, must promote the innate, sublime, and sacred values of the Bhils in the Bhilanchal regions,by the written and oral tradition of India, the life and values for which these great Bhil heroes stood firmly and did not support the invading Muslims and the British like many castes and other groups did contrary in the political history of India. Not only this, India should not promote only non tribal heroes who belong to the minority population of India, but should represent 80% of the national heroes from the 80% population of India who are SC, ST & and OBC folks. It today great discrimination, injustice and damage to the human rights is being done to the Great Bhil heroes, the Bhil community and these SC, ST & OBC who are originally80% indigenous peoples of India.

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